MARK KAVANAGH AND DANNY O'BRIEN FIGHTING COBALT BANS

THE TRAINERS

* Mark Kavanagh, based at Flemington

* Danny O'Brien, based at Flemington

THE HORSES

* Magicool (Kavanagh) - Won the Listed UCI Stakes (1800m) at Flemington on October 4, 2014

* Bondeiger (O'Brien) - Ran second in the Group One Victoria Derby (2500m) at Flemington on November 1, 2014

* Caravan Rolls On (O'Brien) - Ran eighth in the Group Three Lexus Stakes (2500m) at Flemington on November 1, 2014

* De Little Engine (O'Brien) - Won the People@Work Handicap (2300m) on Ballarat Cup Day on November 22, 2014

* Bullpit (O'Brien) - Won the Jeep 55 Second Challenge Heat (955m) at Moonee Valley on December 19, 2014

COBALT READINGS (from two samples)

* Magicool - 640 to 670 micrograms (post-race)

* Bondeiger - 330 to 370 micrograms (pre-race)

* Caravan Rolls On - 350 to 380 micrograms (pre-race)

* De Little Engine - 550 to 580 micrograms (post-race)

* Bullpit - 300 to 320 micrograms (post-race)

HOW IT HAPPENED

* Vet Tom Brennan admitted adding a substance called Vitamin Complex to intravenous drips given to horses in both stables but has denied knowing it contained high levels of cobalt.

PENALTIES

* Kavanagh - banned for three years

* O'Brien - banned for four years

* Vet Tom Brennan - banned for five years

COBALT RULE

* Naturally occurring in horses but toxic in high doses

* Threshold of 200 micrograms per litre of urine

* Is part of some vitamin supplements

* Threshold introduced in Victoria in April 2014 and adopted nationally on January 1, 2015